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Branches of biology

What is Biology ?

The science of life or living matter in all its forms and phenomena, especially with reference to origin, growth, reproduction,structure, and behavior.

You may know that the "ology" suffix means "the study of," and the addition of the Greek bios, meaning "life," gives us the meaning of biology.

Oxidation Reduction Reactions

Redox reactions are comprised of two parts, a reduced half and an oxidized half, that always occur together. The reduced half gains electrons and the oxidation number decreases, while the oxidized half loses electrons and the oxidation number

 The two species that exchange electrons in a redox reaction are given special names. The ion or molecule that accepts electrons is called the oxidizing agent; by accepting electrons it causes the oxidation of another species. Conversely, the species that donates electrons is called the reducing agent; when the reaction occurs, it reduces the other species. In other words, what is oxidized is the reducing agent and what is reduced is the oxidizing agent. (Note: the oxidizing and reducing agents can be the same element or compound, as in disproportionation reactions).

A good example of a redox reaction is the thermite reaction, in which iron atoms in ferric oxide lose (or give up) O atoms to Al atoms, producing Al2O3.

Fe2O3(s)+2Al(s)→Al2O3(s)+2Fe(l)

Soil

The term ‘Soil’ has been derived from Latin word ‘Solum’ which means earthy material necessary for the growth of plants. Soil may be defined as a mixture of organic as well as weathered rocK materials present in the uppermost part of earth soil crust.

The soil is formed through a number of physical, chemical and bio­logical processes occurring slowly for long periods of time. It is an important abiotic factor in which the root grows, anchors the plant and supplies necessary water and nutrients to the plant. Thus soil is a store house of minerals, a reservoir of water, a conserver of soil fertility, a producer of vegetable crops, a home of wild life and live stocks.

Water

Water is a natural resource in the Earth.Water is essential to our life also, such as water can solve our thristy problem, water can make us survive, water can clean our body, water can recharges our fatigue, and water can revitalise our skin.According to scientist investigation, 70% of our body mass are water.Therefore, water is very important to us.

Although water is essential to our life, we will lose water everyday also.How we lose our water? We can lose water through perspiration, respiration and bowel movement. For example, regular exercising will start perspiration which is sweating and respiration. We will proceed bowel movement also which is defecation.

Water is having a lot of benefits to us. First and foremost, water will revitalises our skin because our skin will dry under sun.
In this hectic lifestyle, we will facing a lot of stress and this may make us age.Then, water will helps to revitalise.Besides that, water can rehydrates our body.Playing games, working and perspire will causes us dehydrate.Dehydration will causes us many health problem and this may need water rehydrate.

Bio Sphere

The Biosphere: The biosphere is part of the earth in which life exists. It is 20 km thick from the bottom of the ocean to the lower atmosphere. It consists of three layers: the lithosphere, which is the land on the surface of the earth; the hydrosphere, which comprises of the water on the earth as well as water vapor in the air; and the atmosphere, which is made up of the air that surrounds the earth. The living organisms in the biosphere interact and affect each other in many ways. This is called a biotic factor. Similarly, there are non-living elements that have an effect on living organisms, these are considered abiotic factors. Examples of abiotic factors are air, temperature, water, soil, light, and minerals. In a biosphere, organisms live in special groupings. For instance, a population consists of all individuals of a species living in a general area. A community is a population located in a certain area living among different species. An ecosystem is yet a larger conglomeration of a population, a community, and abiotic factors. Ecosystems can be aquatic or terrestrial.